Blog Archives

Grammar Basics: Unit 24 – Be, Have, and Do (Solutions)

Exercises: Complete the sentences by choosing a verb from the list, and using its correct form.

Example:

The library was (build) in 1956. ==> The library was built in 1956.

1. Where are you going?
2. John was waiting for the bus when his phone battery went dead.
3. They don’t have any bananas at the supermarket today.
4. The doctor didn’t do the operation today – he’ll do it tomorrow.
5. Was it raining when you woke up this morning?
6. He didn’t think that Katy was telling the truth.
7. When was the room painted?
8. Ice cream is made from milk.
9. Jack was injured when he was in the army.
10. Everybody was expecting the bad weather to come last night.

Google

Grammar Basics: Unit 24 – Be, Have, and Do

In English there are three important “helper” verbs: be, have, and do. These verbs generally are not used alone, but they are usually used together with other verbs in various forms.

be (am / is / are // was / were) + V-ing:

“be” + V-ing is used for the present continuous form.
“was / were” + V-ing is used for the past continuous form.

We’ve already looked at this some, so here we’ll just give a few examples as a quick review:

Examples:

It’s snowing right now.
Shhh! The baby’s sleeping!
Where’s Uncle John? He’s weeding in the garden.

It was snowing yesterday when we walked to school.
The baby was sleeping, until you woke him up – thanks a lot!
Last time I saw him, Uncle John was painting the garage.

be (am / is / are // was / were) + past participle:

“be” + past participle is used for the simple present passive.
“was / were” + past participle is used for the simple past passive.

We’ve also just looked at these cases. Here are a few more examples:

Examples:

The beds are made each morning by the hotel’s cleaning staff.
Janey is excited to go on her first train trip.
I’m exhausted from running up and down the stairs.

When we checked into our room, we saw that the beds were not made.
Peter was depressed to find out that he couldn’t go to summer camp this year.
When were you married?

have / has + past participle:

Recall that this is used for the present perfect:

Examples:

I’ve completed all my assignments, and done all the laundry.
He has always gone to Florida for Christmas vacation.
She’s lost her keys again!
Have you ever crossed the equator?

do / does / did + V (dictionary form):

“do / does” + V (dictionary form) is used for the simple present negative, and for questions.
“did” + V (dictionary form) is used for the simple past negative, and for questions.

Examples:

Do you often eat pizza?
He likes classical and jazz, but he doesn’t like rap.
What kind of movies do you usually watch?
I don’t think he will win the competition.
Did you ever see such a sight in your life as three blind mice?
What did you do last night?
I didn’t know that you were in the navy.

Exercises: Complete the sentences by choosing a verb from the list, and using its correct form.

Example:

The library was (build) in 1956. ==> The library was built in 1956.

do
expect
go
have
injure
make
paint
rain
think
wait

1. Where are you ______ ?
2. John ______ for the bus when his phone battery went dead.
3. They (not) ______ any bananas at the supermarket today.
4. The doctor (not) ______ the operation today – he’ll do it tomorrow.
5. Was it ______ when you woke up this morning?
6. He (not) ______ that Katy was telling the truth.
7. When was the room ______?
8. Ice cream is ______ from milk.
9. Jack was ______ when he was in the army.
10. Everybody was ______ the bad weather to come last night.

Google

Grammar Basics: Unit 23 – Passive, Part II (Solutions)

Exercises: Use the present continuous (is/are being…) or the present perfect (has/have been…) with the words in the parentheses to complete the sentences.

Example:

The tree (cut) down tomorrow.==> The tree is being cut down tomorrow.

1. Don’t sit down on the sofa. It’s being cleaned right now.
2. We’re being invited to a wedding on Saturday, so keep your schedule open for that day.
3. The president’s speech is being broadcast on TV tonight.
4. You’ll have to wait to do the laundry. The washing machine is being fixed.
5. Our living room is being painted, so we are spending the day at the mall.
6. Your grandmother’s wedding dress has been repaired, cleaned, and boxed up, so it’s as good as new.
7. The window has been broken! Which one of the neighborhood kids did it, do you think?
8. Twelve trees have been cut down to make space for a swimming pool.
9. Sorry I’m late. The bus has been tied up in traffic for 30 minutes.
10. The grass has already been mowed, so you can cross that off your chore list.

Google

Grammar Basics: Unit 23 – Passive, Part II

In addition to having simple present passive (“is done”) and simple past passive (“was done”), we also have the present continuous passive and the present perfect passive. As before, the passive indicates that the doer of the action is unspecified.

Present Continuous Passive: is/are being …

Examples:

Please take the stairs – the elevator is being fixed. (= someone is fixing the elevator)
Tom is being picked up after school. (= someone is picking Tom up after school)
We can’t check into our hotel room yet – it’s (it is) being cleaned right now. (= someone is cleaning the room now)

Present Perfect Passive: has/have been …

Examples:

You don’t have to take the stairs anymore – the elevator has been fixed. (= someone has fixed it)
Tom has already been picked up – he doesn’t need a ride now. (= someone has already picked up Tom)
Let’s check into our room now – it’s (it has) been cleaned. (= someone has cleaned the room)

 

Exercises: Use the present continuous (is/are being…) or the present perfect (has/have been…) with the words in the parentheses to complete the sentences.

Example:

The tree (cut) down tomorrow.==> The tree is being cut down tomorrow.

1. Don’t sit down on the sofa. It (clean) right now.
2. We (invite) to a wedding on Saturday, so keep your schedule open for that day.
3. The president’s speech (broadcast) on TV tonight.
4. You’ll have to wait to do the laundry. The washing machine (fix).
5. Our living room (paint), so we are spending the day at the mall.
6. Your grandmother’s wedding dress (repair / clean / and box up), so it’s as good as new.
7. The window (break)! Which one of the neighborhood kids did it, do you think?
8. Twelve trees (cut) down to make space for a swimming pool.
9. Sorry I’m late. The bus (tie) up in traffic for 30 minutes.
10. The grass (already / mow), so you can cross that off your chore list.

Google

Crossword – Basic Vocabulary 6 (solution)

Google

Writing Assignment: The Subway (Solution)

Riding the crowded subway

 
1.    What are these people doing?
They are riding on the subway.

2.    Where might they be going?
They might be going to work or to school.

3.    How crowded is this subway train?
It is rather crowded.  There is standing room only – there are no seats left for someone to sit down.

4.    Are there more people standing, or more people sitting?
There are more people standing than there are sitting.

5.    What do people usually hold on to if they have to ride standing up?
If people have to ride standing up, they usually hold on to a strap, or a pole.

6.    Does a subway train usually have seats or benches?
A subway train usually has benches.

7.    What do people usually do if they are carrying baggage or packages?
If people have baggage or packages, they usually put them on the floor, or on one of the overhead racks.

8.    What do people often do when they ride on a subway train?
People riding on a subway train often read a book or newspaper, or listen to music.  Some people even sleep.

9.    What do you need to get on the subway train?
You need a ticket, token, or fare card to get on the subway train.

10.    Where can you buy a ticket?
You can buy a ticket at the ticket window, or at a ticket vending machine.  You can also get your fare card reloaded at these places too.

11.    What kind of gate do people usually pass through to get into the subway?
You have to pass through the turnstile to get into the subway.  You swipe your ticket or fare card, and the turnstile will let you into the subway.

12.    What do you call the place where you get on and get off the subway train?
You get on and off the subway train at the station.

13.    How can you tell where to get on and get off?
A subway map or guide can tell you where you need to get on and off.

14.    What do you do if you have to take more than one line to get to your destination?
If you have to take more than one line to get to your destination, you need to transfer to the other line.

15.    How can you tell if your stop is next?
You can look at the subway map or guide to see if your stop is next, or you can listen to the announcement.

16.    What kind of subway train has fewer stops than normal?
An express train has fewer stops than normal.

17.    What might you see on the walls of the subway train?
You might see advertisements on the walls of the subway trains.

18.    What kind of doors does a subway train usually have?
A subway train usually has sliding doors.  You have to be careful that your coat or bag doesn’t get caught in the doors as they close.

19.    What sort of safety equipment would you see in a subway?
You see fire extinguishers in a subway.

20.    What else might you see in a subway?
You might see vending machines, newspaper stands, and other little shops in a subway.

Paragraph:  The Subway

If you live in a city, a subway is a very convenient way to get around.  You don’t have to deal with traffic and parking, so you can usually get to your destination quicker than driving.  Many big cities have an extensive subway line, so you can get to almost any place in the city quickly, easily, and economically.

Paying the far is easy.  You can buy a fare card with a set amount, and swipe the card every time you go through the turnstile to ride the subway.  When the card gets low, you can reload the card with money and continue using it.  Some places even have fare cards with different decorations, so you can collect the various designs.

A subway map or guide is a very handy item to have, especially if you are not familiar with the system.  The map will tell you where the different lines will take you, so you can plan out your trip and determine which lines you need to take, which station you need to get on at, which station you need to transfer lines, and which station to get off at.  What I like to do is highlight the stations I need to get off at, so I can keep track of where I’m going and not get lost.

Because the subway is so convenient, many people ride the subway.  Sometimes it is very crowded, especially during the morning rush and the afternoon rush.  If you ride the subway during the rush times, you will probably have to stand.  Sometimes there are so many people standing, it looks like wall-to-wall people!  In some places there are so many people waiting to get on the subway that there are “pushers” to help get as many people on the subway car as possible, although I must admit I have never seen “pushers.”

Sometimes if there are elderly people, pregnant women, or someone traveling with very small children, other people will stand up and offer their seat to one of these others, so they don’t have to stand up.  That is a nice thing to do, don’t you think?

Google

Writing Assignment: The Subway

Crowded subway ride

 

Vocabulary

track
station
line
transfer
express
stop
ticket
ticket window
card
to reload (a card)
to swipe (a card)
token
turnstile
strap
pole
standing room only
sliding door
overhead rack
bench
seat
map
crowded
advertisements
fire extinguisher
vending machine
announcement
terminus
direction
exit
entrance
read a book / newspaper
listen to music

 

  1. What are these people doing?
  2. Where might they be going?
  3. How crowded is this subway train?
  4. Are there more people standing, or more people sitting?
  5. What do people usually hold on to if they have to ride standing up?
  6. Does a subway train usually have seats or benches?
  7. What do people usually do if they are carrying baggage or packages?
  8. What do people often do when they ride on a subway train?
  9. What do you need to get on the subway train?
  10. Where can you buy a ticket?
  11. What kind of gate do people usually pass through to get into the subway?
  12. What do you call the place where you get on and get off the subway train?
  13. How can you tell where to get on and get off?
  14. What do you do if you have to take more than one line to get to your destination?
  15. How can you tell if your stop is next?
  16. What kind of subway train has fewer stops than normal?
  17. What might you see on the walls of the subway train?
  18. What kind of doors does a subway train usually have?
  19. What sort of safety equipment would you see in a subway?
  20. What else might you see in a subway?

 

Paragraph:  The Subway

Have you ever ridden on a subway or a train?  Do you take one every day to go to work or school?  What kind of people do you usually see on the subway train?  Write a brief paragraph about your experience riding on a subway.

 

Google

Grammar Basics: Unit 22 – Passive, Part I (Solutions)

Exercises: Complete the sentences by using the passive (either present or past) of the indicated verb.

Example:

The baby (give) a bath yesterday. ==> The baby was given a bath yesterday.

1. We had a snow day last week, so classes were canceled.
2. The librarian charged me a fine because several pages of the book were torn.
3. Can I exchange these jeans for some new ones? The zipper is broken.
4. The kitchen was cleaned during the night by some good fairies.
5. The old factory was burned down by a firebug.
6. There was an accident on the highway, and several people were taken to the hospital.
7. Jack was born on a fishing trawler.
8. Tom was woken up in the middle of the night by the baby’s crying.
9. The old lady was helped across the street by a Boy Scout.
10. That picture was taken on our honeymoon.

Google

Grammar Basics: Unit 22 – Passive, Part I

Sentences may be either active or passive. When a sentence is active, the doer of the action is specified:

John opened the door. (active – John is the one who opens the door)

 

When a sentence is passive, we are not told who is the doer of the action:

The door was opened. (passive – we don’t know who opened the door)

 

To make a passive sentence, we use an appropriate form of the verb “be” + past participle:

Simple Present passive: am / is / are + past participle
Simple Past passive: was / were + past participle

Examples:

The store was closed.
The bank was robbed last night.
Where were you born?
Ice cream is made from milk.
The toy is broken.

If we want to use a passive sentence and indicate the doer of the action, we can use the phrase “by…”:

The bank was robbed last night by a pair of masked gunmen.
The modern steam engine was invented by James Watt.

Exercises: Complete the sentences by using the passive (either present or past) of the indicated verb.

Example:

The baby (give) a bath yesterday. ==> The baby was given a bath yesterday.

1. We had a snow day last week, so classes (cancel).
2. The librarian charged me a fine because several pages of the book (tear).
3. Can I exchange these jeans for some new ones? The zipper (break).
4. The kitchen (clean) during the night by some good fairies.
5. The old factory (burn) down by a firebug.
6. There was an accident on the highway, and several people (take) to the hospital.
7. Jack (born) on a fishing trawler.
8. Tom (wake) up in the middle of the night by the baby’s crying.
9. The old lady (help) across the street by a Boy Scout.
10. That picture (take) on our honeymoon.

Google

Grammar Basics: Unit 21 – Present Perfect vs. Simple Past, Part III (Solutions)

Exercises: Use the words in parentheses to make the sentence either present perfect or simple past.

Example:

(you / ever / go) skiing? ==> Have you ever gone skiing?
(you / go) skiing last year? ==> Did you go skiing last year?

1. Tom has lost his key. Can you help him find it?
2. I’ve been looking for you. Where have you been?
3. What did you eat for lunch yesterday?
4. Matt has taken piano lessons since he was eight years old.
5. Last week we got a lot of snow.
6. I have traveled around the world, but I have never tasted anything as delicious as this barbecue.
7. This morning I exercised before I went to school.
8. Mother has made a delicious dinner for tonight’s party.
9. Have you ever had Mr. Smith as a teacher?
10. Where did you live ten years ago?

Google