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Breakthrough English: 5 Simple Tips for Mastering English

New Year’s Resolution: Make 2012 Your Year for Breakthrough English

 Excited about the New Year

 

(Wiktionary) break•through /ˈbreɪkθruː/: Characterized by major progress or overcoming some obstacle

Would you like to improve your English? Would you like 2012 to be a “breakthrough year” for you with English? Perhaps you’ve been trying to learn English for several years, and you feel like you’re not making the progress you had hoped.

Be encouraged – you can make 2012 your year for Breakthrough English! Follow these five simple tips, and make them a habit:

• Study English Every Day
• Read English Every Day
• Listen to English Every Day
• Practice English Every Day
• Learn New Vocabulary Every Day

Study English Every Day

The first tip for Breakthrough English is to study English every day. This is a key step. The human brain is structured to learn by repetition. This means the more often you study, the better you will learn the material. Because of this, you will actually learn English better if you study every day for 15 minutes (as an example) than if you study once a week for 1 hour and 45 minutes (15 minutes a day for 7 days).

So, find time to study English every day. It can be 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, or whatever fits your schedule. Commit to that daily study, and watch your English improve!

Read English Every Day

Here is the second tip for Breakthrough English: in addition to studying English every day, it is a good idea to read English every day. Even if you study grammar and do exercises every day, you still need to read English daily. “Authentic” materials – books, magazines, newspapers, and so on – are best, since they use words and phrases that are common with native English speakers.

It is easy to find reading material that matches your English level. Even easy books like children’s books or comic books have something for intermediate or advanced ESL students as well as beginners. Obviously, the simple vocabulary and short sentences of children’s books make them suitable for beginners. At the same time, children’s books often contain various phrases and cultural ideas that make them a worthwhile reading challenge for upper-level ESL students.

By reading English every day, you will develop an “ear” for English. You will begin to notice when an English word or phrase “sounds right” because it’s being used correctly. You will also begin to notice when something “sounds strange” (for example, sounds like “Japlish” or “Konglish”) because of a wrong preposition or other incorrect vocabulary. So, the more you read, the more natural or native-like your own English will become.

Daily reading of authentic materials is a powerful method to help your English get better and better. Commit to daily reading, and watch your English improve!

Listen to English Every Day

The third tip for Breakthrough English is the “flip side” of reading English every day: listening to English every day. You can get the same vocabulary benefits as in reading, plus you can hear the pronunciation of the words.

Many ESL students don’t listen to as much English as they should. Why? Because they are frustrated from listening to a level that is too challenging for them. You want to listen to material where you understand about 75% of what is said.

Listen, listen, and listen again. Don’t be afraid to keep on listening until you are comfortable with all (95% +) of the material. Remember, our brains are structured to learn by repetition – take advantage of it! Load up your mp3 player with English, and listen to it at every opportunity – when you exercise, when you ride the subway or walk to work, when you cook or do housework, and so on.

What kinds of materials are good to listen to? It doesn’t matter – podcasts, news reports, audio books are all good. Pick something that is interesting to you. If you like it, you will want to listen to it again and again, and the repetition will help you.

But try to listen to “normal English” programs rather than “special English.” Why? Because people don’t speak English like the “special English” programs.

Many ESL students who listen only to “special English” type materials think that they are well-prepared for listening to English. Unfortunately, they are often quite shocked to find out that they understand very little (maybe only 25%) when they try to listen to native English speakers.

You can avoid this by listening to normal English every day and absorbing it into your brain. Your brain will accept the sounds and speech patterns of native English speakers as a standard or model for your own English. This will help your pronunciation tremendously, and you will be better understood by others when you speak English.

Daily listening is another effective tool to help you get better in English. Commit to daily listening, and watch your English improve!

Practice English Every Day

The fourth tip for Breakthrough English is to practice English every day. There are two ways that you can practice English daily: speaking, and writing.

It is easiest to practice speaking every day if you can find a language partner of some sort. Can you find an English speaker who is willing to have a conversation with you on a regular basis? You don’t have to talk to the same person every day – you can have a different person for each day of the week. Live internet chat (like Skype, for example) makes it easier than ever to find people to talk to from around the world.

If you can’t find someone to talk to on a regular basis, there are still other ways to get some daily speaking practice in English. Is there some place where you can find English tourists? Do you meet English speakers in your work sometimes? Most English speakers would be happy to spend at least a few minutes talking with ESL students, so don’t be afraid to give it a try. Just ask them politely: “Excuse me, I am trying to learn English. Would you mind talking with me for a few minutes?” Even if they say no, you still get some practice in by asking the question!

If you absolutely can’t find anyone to talk to in English, you can always talk to a pet, a baby or young child, or even to yourself. At first it may seem strange, but you will get used to it. Don’t be afraid of feeling foolish – it is natural to talk to yourself like that. Children do it all the time. It helps them learn their native language, and it will help you learn English.

The important thing is that you will become more comfortable in expressing yourself in English. The more you practice speaking, the easier it will become. As you get better, you will find that you don’t have to think so much to speak English. Eventually, you won’t have to translate all the time before you say something in English. Your English will sound more natural, and you will be more and more fluent.

The other way to practice English daily is by writing. Find a pen pal (or several!) that you can write to. Keep a journal, and write down your thoughts or experiences every day. Again, the important thing is to get used to expressing yourself in English. The nice thing about writing is that you have time to think about what you want to say, and how to say it. You also have time to look up words before you use them. You usually don’t have that opportunity when practicing speaking!

Daily practice is another essential method of getting better in English. Commit to daily practice – speaking and / or writing – and watch your English improve!

Learn New Vocabulary Every Day

Our final tip for Breakthrough English is this: learn some new vocabulary every day. It doesn’t matter how many vocabulary words or phrases you learn, but pick a number you know you can commit to learning every day – 5 new words or phrases a day, 10 new words or phrases a day, whatever is comfortable for you. But definitely make it a daily habit to expand your English vocabulary.

Learning new vocabulary is crucial for improving your English. Without enough vocabulary, it will be difficult for you to express yourself in English. The more vocabulary words or phrases you know, the easier it will be for you to say what you are thinking. Learning more vocabulary will also make it easier for you to understand what you read or hear when you are studying and practicing English.

What kinds of words or phrases should you learn? After learning basic vocabulary, pick words or phrases that are useful or interesting for you. This will make it easier for you to learn and to remember the new words or phrases. Use your new words or phrases, too, for repetition – this will also make them easier to remember.

Try to find examples of your new words or phrases being used in sentences. Pay attention to how they are used. They will seem more “real” to you that way than words or phrases that come from a list somewhere. Listen for your new words or phrases in English listening materials. Very often you will notice new words or phrases because you are now aware of them. Learn from others, so you can pick up correct pronunciation and usage from the start.

Daily learning of new vocabulary is another powerful tool to help you get better in English. Commit to daily learning new vocabulary, and watch your English improve!

Key: Every Day

Notice that each of these five tips involves the words “every day.” This is an important point. Consistency – doing something with English every day – is the key.

There is an old riddle in English:

Question: How do you eat an elephant?
Answer: One bite at a time!

Many times we look at a project or goal, and we think it is too difficult for us because it seems too big for us. We look at the elephant, and we get discouraged because we know the whole elephant will not fit in our mouth. But if we break up that elephant into bite-sized pieces – if we take things one step at a time, take things day by day – we find that we can achieve our goal or finish our project.

It is the same with learning English. Improving in English seems like a big project. But if you take one step at a time, day by day, you will find that you will achieve your goal of improving your English. Commit to these five tips, and you will make 2012 your year for Breakthrough English!

Do you like this article? Do you have any questions? Contact us for more suggestions and information!

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Happy New Year!

Today is New Year’s Day. One popular thing to do for New Year’s is to make some New Year’s resolutions. When people make a resolution, they think about some bad habits they want to quit, or maybe start some good habits, and then resolve (make a promise and determine to yourself to keep it) to make the change for the new year. So, for example, many people resolve to lose weight, give up smoking, get more exercise, eat more healthful foods, and so on.

Although many resolutions have to do with one’s physical health, resolutions can also be in regards to other habits as well. For example, someone might resolve to read more books in the coming year, and then set a goal of reading 3 books a month. Someone else might resolve to spend more time with their children, and take them camping in the summer. Still others might make resolutions concerning a hobby – some might resolve to take cooking classes, tennis lessons, or play the piano more often.

For those of us learning a language, an obvious resolution would have to do with language study. I want to study more Korean and Japanese, and take the JLPT Level 2 at the end of this year. I’m going to try to set aside time each day to study – 30 minutes every day is much better than 3 1/2 hours only once a week, even though the total minutes is the same. Practicing by writing in a journal every day is also a good idea.

Have you made any resolutions? May 2012 be a breakthrough year for you in English!

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Idiom Focus: Animal Idioms 2

Every Saturday I’ll give you a couple of idioms to learn. An idiom is a saying or phrase whose meaning cannot be taken from the literal meanings of the words. I thought I’d start off with some animal idioms.

one’s bark is worse than one’s bite: What one says is worse than what one actually does.

Don’t be concerned about that teacher – his bark is much worse than his bite. He always threatens to give tough tests, but as long as you keep up with the homework, you’ll do fine.

bet on the wrong horse: To bet on the wrong horse is to misjudge the outcome of an election, etc.

Tom let his personal feelings cloud his thinking when he supported Bob for student council president. Bob is a good friend, but Tom just bet on the wrong horse.

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Writing Assignment: Going skating (Solution)

going skating

 

1. Where is this family skating?

They are skating outside.

2. How many people are skating in the picture?

There are three people skating in the picture.

3. Is anyone skating backwards?

No one is skating backwards. They are all skating forwards.

4. Is anyone doing a figure eight?

No, no one is doing a figure eight.

5. Is anyone making a crossover turn?

No, no one is making a crossover turn.

6. Can the baby skate?

No, the baby is too young to skate.

7. What is the baby doing instead of skating?

Instead of skating, the baby is riding in a push sled.

8. What is the father doing?

The father is pushing the baby in the baby sled while he is skating. He is also holding the hand of the big sister.

9. What type of skates does the father have?

The father has either hockey skates or figure skates.

10. What is the mother doing?

The mother is holding the hand of the big sister while she is skating.

11. What type of skates does the mother have?

It looks like the mother has hockey skates. Women’s figure skates are usually white.

12. What type of skates does the big sister have?

The big sister has beginner skates, or double-bladed skates.

13. Can the big sister skate by herself, or does she need help?

No, she cannot skate by herself. She needs help in learning how to skate.

14. Is it cold in the picture?

Yes, it is cold. The water is frozen.

15. Is anyone wearing a scarf?

Yes. The mother is wearing a head scarf to keep warm. The baby is also wearing a scarf.

16. Who is wearing a hat?

The two girls are wearing hats.

17. Who is not wearing a hat?

The father is not wearing a hat. He does not have anything on his head to keep warm. The mother is not wearing a hat, but she still has something on her head to keep warm.

18. What do the people have on their hands to keep their hands from getting cold?

The people are wearing mittens and gloves to keep their hands warm.

19. Is the family skating on an ice rink, a river, a lake, or a pond?

The family is not skating on an ice rink. They are outdoors, skating on a river or a lake.

20. How much snow is there on the ice?

There is no snow on the ice.

21. What must be done if there is snow on the ice and someone wants to go skating?

If there is snow on the ice and someone wants to go skating, the ice must be cleared and the snow shoveled off.

22. How thick should the ice be for it to be safe for skating?

The ice should be at least 8 – 10 cm thick for it to be safe for skating.

23. What happens if the ice is too thin to skate on?

If the ice is too thin to skate on, it is dangerous. The ice could break, and the skater could fall in and drown.

24. Why are there cracks in the ice?

There are cracks in the ice because ice expands as it freezes.

25. Is it safe to go skating if there are cracks in the ice?

If the cracks are from the ice expanding as it gets colder, it is usually okay to skate on. If the cracks come from someone breaking the ice to open it up for water, it is probably not safe to go skating there.

Paragraph: Going Ice Skating

Have you ever been ice skating? What was it like? Was it outdoors, or at a rink? Did you fall down a lot when you first learned to ice skate? If you have never been ice skating, write about what you think would be fun about ice skating (or what would not be fun, if you don’t like it).

When I was younger, I grew up near a river. In the summertime, we went swimming, fishing, and boating on the river. But in the wintertime, the river would freeze over, and then we could go ice skating. My father would always check the ice first to make sure it was thick enough and safe for skating. If there was snow on the ice, we had to shovel it off before we could go skating there. We could make as big as rink as we wanted, but a bigger rink also meant that there was a lot more snow shoveling to do before we could skate there.

When I first learned to ice skate, I had double-bladed skates. They were strapped on over my snow boots. The double blades made it easier for me to become accustomed to skating on the ice. After I got better at skating, I could skate on single blades. Then I wore an old pair of hockey skates that had belonged to one of my brothers. The hockey skates had a blade attached to the bottom of the shoe, so I had to take off my boots, put on the skates, and then lace them up tightly to wear them. Since it is difficult to lace skates when wearing mittens or gloves, I had to take off my mittens when I laced up the skates. It was very cold, and by the time I finished putting on my skates, my fingers were numb. I couldn’t wait to put the mittens back on.

As I got better at skating, I learned how to skate backwards and skate around corners using a crossover turn. I never had any lessons, so I don’t know how to do anything fancy like a figure eight or spins. But at least I can skate without falling down, and I can skate fast enough to have some fun. I enjoy skating, and look forward each winter to being able to go out and get some exercise and fresh air.

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Writing Assignment: Going skating

going skating

Vocabulary

(ice) skates
Hockey skates
Figure skates
Speed skates
Double-bladed skates
Blade
Shoe
(shoe) lace
Cold
Jacket
Glide
Push
Crack
Thick
Thin
Lap
Rink
River
Lake
Pond
Shovel
Crossover turn
Backwards
Push sled / baby sled
Hat
Coat
Jacket
Scarf
Mittens
Gloves
Boots
Hood
Figure eight

1. Where is this family skating?
2. How many people are skating in the picture?
3. Is anyone skating backwards?
4. Is anyone doing a figure eight?
5. Is anyone making a crossover turn?
6. Can the baby skate?
7. What is the baby doing instead of skating?
8. What is the father doing?
9. What type of skates does the father have?
10. What is the mother doing?
11. What type of skates does the mother have?
12. What type of skates does the big sister have?
13. Can the big sister skate by herself, or does she need help?
14. Is it cold in the picture?
15. Is anyone wearing a scarf?
16. Who is wearing a hat?
17. Who is not wearing a hat?
18. What do the people have on their hands to keep their hands from getting cold?
19. Is the family skating on an ice rink, a river, a lake, or a pond?
20. How much snow is there on the ice?
21. What must be done if there is snow on the ice and someone wants to go skating?
22. How thick should the ice be for it to be safe for skating?
23. What happens if the ice is too thin to skate on?
24. Why are there cracks in the ice?
25. Is it safe to go skating if there are cracks in the ice?

Paragraph: Going Ice Skating

Have you ever been ice skating? What was it like? Was it outdoors, or at a rink? Did you fall down a lot when you first learned to ice skate? If you have never been ice skating, write about what you think would be fun about ice skating (or what would not be fun, if you don’t like it).

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Grammar Basics: Unit 4 – Present Continuous Questions (Solutions)

Exercises. Put together the following words in the proper order to form a present continuous question. Don’t forget to use the correct form of the verb “be.”

1. Are they having a snowball fight?

2. Is she buying any magazines for the train ride?

3. Are we baking cookies today?

4. Are you feeling sick?

5. Am I dreaming?

6. What is the teacher doing tomorrow?

7. Is it getting cold out?

8. How are you doing?

9. Why are they jumping up and down?

10. Is Mike playing in next week’s ball game?

11. Is my phone ringing?

12. When is Steve singing in the school choir concert?

13. Who is lying?

14. Who is telling the truth?

15. Is the soup boiling yet?

16. Where are you going on vacation?

17. Am I going crazy?

18. Is the baby still sleeping?

19. Who is snoring so loudly?

20. Are you still watching TV?

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Grammar Basics: Unit 4 – Present Continuous Questions

To form questions in the present continuous, switch the order of the subject and the verb:

I am ~ing ==> Am I ~ing?
You are ~ing ==> Are you ~ing?
He / she / it is ~ing ==> Is he / she / it ~ing?
We are ~ing ==> Are we ~ing?
You are ~ing ==> Are you ~ing?
They are ~ing ==> Are they ~ing?

Examples:

  • Am I kidding?
  • – Yes (. I’m just pulling your leg [= teasing you]).

 

  • Are you sleeping, Brother John?
  • – No (, I’m not).
  • – No (, I’m lying awake, thinking).

 

  • Is it still snowing?
  • – No (, it isn’t // it’s not).
  • – No (, it’s raining).

 

  • Are we leaving yet?
  • – Yes (. Please get your coat on).

 

  • Are they eating dinner?
  • – No (, they aren’t // they’re not).
  • – No (, they’ve finished eating).

Wh-questions can also use ~ing form: Wh- + (be) + S + ~ing?

  • Who is having a party? (“Who” is the subject for who-questions, and so don’t need another subject.)
  • What is he doing?
  • Where is she going?
  • When is Sally coming to pick up the book?
  • Why are you yelling at me?
  • How are they going to move that piano?

Exercises.

Put together the following words in the proper order to form a present continuous question. Don’t forget to use the correct form of the verb “be.”

1. be fight have a snowball they ?

2. any be buy for magazines ride she the train ?

3. bake be cookies today we ?

4. be feel sick you ?

5. be dream I ?

6. be do teacher the tomorrow what ?

7. be cold get it out ?

8. be do how you ?

9. and be down jump they up why ?

10. ball be game Mike next play in week’s ?

11. be my phone ring ?

12. be choir concert in school sing Steve the when ?

13. be lie who ?

14. be tell the truth who ?

15. be boil soup the yet ?

16. be go on vacation where you ?

17. be crazy go I ?

18. baby be sleep still the ?

19. be loudly snore so who ?

20. be still TV watch you ?

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Culture Focus: Refunds & Exchanges

Usually, when people buy a gift for someone else, they try to get a gift that is suitable for the recipient. If they want to give some clothes as a gift, they try to get clothes that are the right size. They try to get clothes that are in the style that the recipient likes. If they want to give a book, they try to get something from a favorite author. If they give some music as a gift, they try to get something from a favorite band. Sometimes, though, it is difficult to know exactly what kind of present would make the recipient happy. This means that sometimes, despite our best efforts, a present is not always what the recipient likes. Because of this, people often give a gift receipt along with the present. A gift receipt makes it easier for the recipient to exchange the gift or get a refund.

What is a gift receipt? In general, a receipt is a piece of paper from a store that shows 1) when something was bought, 2) what price was paid for the item, and 3) from which store the item was purchased. A gift receipt contains all this information too, except the price of the item is coded. Why is the price coded? We consider it impolite to let a person know how much was paid for the present, so gift receipts are coded to hide the price.

So, if a person is unhappy with a present he’s gotten, he has two options: 1) He can exchange the present for something more to his liking, or 2) he can get a refund.

1) Exchange

Sometimes, the person likes the present, except it is the wrong size, wrong color, etc. He can take the item and the gift receipt back to the store. Then he can pick out a present that is the right size, right color, etc. This situation is easier for the clerk, since there is generally no difference in price between the original present and the exchange. Usually, the clerk will scan the information from the receipt. Then the clerk will scan the information from the exchange. This is so the store’s inventory will remain accurate and up-to-date. The clerk will probably make a note of the exchange on the receipt.

exchanging a purchase

Sometimes, the person will want to exchange the old present for another item that is completely different. For example, maybe a person got a sweater as a gift, but they want to have a pair of shoes instead. In this case, the clerk usually treats this as two separate transactions: one return, and one purchase. The clerk scans the gift receipt for the original purchase information. The person returning the present will get a store credit equal to the amount paid for the original purchase. This credit is then applied to the purchase of the new item. If the cost of the new item is less than the cost of the original present, the person will get a refund for the difference, or get a store credit. If the cost of the new item is greater than the cost of the original present, the person will have to pay the difference.

Both cases are good from the store’s perspective, because the sale is saved, and the customer is happy. It is a “win-win” situation: both sides benefit from the deal.

2) Refund

Sometimes, the person likes nothing about the present. He would rather have the money instead of the present. In this case, he can be refunded the price of the gift. The clerk will scan the information about the original purchase and determine how much money the person will get back. From the store’s perspective, this is not a good thing, because it is the same as a lost sale. But the store will do it anyhow, because it is good for customer relations: “The customer is always right.”

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Grammar Basics: Unit 3 – Present Continuous (Solution)

Exercises (Solution)

1. He is doing his homework.

2. The cat is acting crazy.

3. Mother is washing clothes in the basement.

4. Father is mowing the lawn.

5. I am taking a bath – shut the door!

6. Please wash your hands – we are having pork chops for dinner.

7. You are lying – you’ve never been to Antarctica!

8. It is snowing heavily now.

9. Tell Tom to turn down the volume – I am talking on the phone.

10. Do you see the bird that is sitting on the fence over there?

11. The twins are swimming in the pool since it’s so hot.

12. We are drinking iced tea to keep cool.

13. Please don’t disturb us – we are practicing for next week’s concert.

14. He is writing a letter to Santa Claus.

15. Thousands of people are dying in Africa from famine.

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Grammar Basics: Unit 3 – Present Continuous

The present continuous is the ~ing form of the verb. It is used with the appropriate form of the verb be:

I am ~ing
You are ~ing
He / she / it is ~ing
We are ~ing
You are ~ing
They are ~ing

The present continuous is used to indicate that an action is happening now:

  • I’m reading the newspaper.
  • You can’t fool me – you’re not sleeping!
  • He’s studying for tomorrow’s exam.
  • Please be quiet – the baby’s sleeping.
  • Hurry up – we’re leaving!
  • They’re outside playing in the sandbox.

Making the ~ing form of the verb:

– In general, simply put –ing after the dictionary form of the verb:

  • eat ==> eating
  • laugh ==> laughing

– If the verb ends with an “e,” omit the “e” and put –ing at the end:

  • smile ==> smiling
  • bake ==> baking

– If the verb has a short vowel, double the final consonant before putting –ing at the end:

  • put ==> putting
  • run ==> running

– For verbs ending in –ie, change the “ie” to “y” before putting –ing at the end:

  • lie ==> lying
  • die ==> dying

Exercises

Complete the following sentences, using the appropriate form of the verb “be” along with the –ing form of the given verb.

Example:
She (sweep) the porch ==> She is sweeping the porch.

1. He (do) his homework.

2. The cat (act) crazy.

3. Mother (wash) clothes in the basement.

4. Father (mow) the lawn.

5. I (take) a bath – shut the door!

6. Please wash your hands – we (have) pork chops for dinner.

7. You (lie) – you’ve never been to Antarctica!

8. It (snow) heavily now.

9. Tell Tom to turn down the volume – I (talk) on the phone.

10. Do you see the bird that (sit) on the fence over there?

11. The twins (swim) in the pool since it’s so hot.

12. We (drink) iced tea to keep cool.

13. Please don’t disturb us – we (practice) for next week’s concert.

14. He (write) a letter to Santa Claus.

15. Thousands of people (die) in Africa from famine.

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