Monthly Archives: March 2012

Grammar Basics: Unit 23 – Passive, Part II (Solutions)

Exercises: Use the present continuous (is/are being…) or the present perfect (has/have been…) with the words in the parentheses to complete the sentences.

Example:

The tree (cut) down tomorrow.==> The tree is being cut down tomorrow.

1. Don’t sit down on the sofa. It’s being cleaned right now.
2. We’re being invited to a wedding on Saturday, so keep your schedule open for that day.
3. The president’s speech is being broadcast on TV tonight.
4. You’ll have to wait to do the laundry. The washing machine is being fixed.
5. Our living room is being painted, so we are spending the day at the mall.
6. Your grandmother’s wedding dress has been repaired, cleaned, and boxed up, so it’s as good as new.
7. The window has been broken! Which one of the neighborhood kids did it, do you think?
8. Twelve trees have been cut down to make space for a swimming pool.
9. Sorry I’m late. The bus has been tied up in traffic for 30 minutes.
10. The grass has already been mowed, so you can cross that off your chore list.

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Grammar Basics: Unit 23 – Passive, Part II

In addition to having simple present passive (“is done”) and simple past passive (“was done”), we also have the present continuous passive and the present perfect passive. As before, the passive indicates that the doer of the action is unspecified.

Present Continuous Passive: is/are being …

Examples:

Please take the stairs – the elevator is being fixed. (= someone is fixing the elevator)
Tom is being picked up after school. (= someone is picking Tom up after school)
We can’t check into our hotel room yet – it’s (it is) being cleaned right now. (= someone is cleaning the room now)

Present Perfect Passive: has/have been …

Examples:

You don’t have to take the stairs anymore – the elevator has been fixed. (= someone has fixed it)
Tom has already been picked up – he doesn’t need a ride now. (= someone has already picked up Tom)
Let’s check into our room now – it’s (it has) been cleaned. (= someone has cleaned the room)

 

Exercises: Use the present continuous (is/are being…) or the present perfect (has/have been…) with the words in the parentheses to complete the sentences.

Example:

The tree (cut) down tomorrow.==> The tree is being cut down tomorrow.

1. Don’t sit down on the sofa. It (clean) right now.
2. We (invite) to a wedding on Saturday, so keep your schedule open for that day.
3. The president’s speech (broadcast) on TV tonight.
4. You’ll have to wait to do the laundry. The washing machine (fix).
5. Our living room (paint), so we are spending the day at the mall.
6. Your grandmother’s wedding dress (repair / clean / and box up), so it’s as good as new.
7. The window (break)! Which one of the neighborhood kids did it, do you think?
8. Twelve trees (cut) down to make space for a swimming pool.
9. Sorry I’m late. The bus (tie) up in traffic for 30 minutes.
10. The grass (already / mow), so you can cross that off your chore list.

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Education Focus: ACT

In this Educational Focus, let’s take a look at the other college aptitude test that American juniors and seniors typically take as part of the college admissions process: the ACT.

First given in 1959, the ACT is not as well known as the SAT, even though it is accepted by all four-year colleges and universities in the U.S. As a general rule, colleges and universities on the East and West Coasts tend to prefer the SAT, whereas the ACT is the test of choice for students planning on attending schools in the Midwest and South.

Like the SAT, the ACT is administered on a Saturday, and students who cannot take the test on Saturday for religious reasons can request at registration to take the test the following Sunday. The test is generally offered six times a year: September, October, December, February, April, and June.

The format and scoring of the ACT differs from the SAT. Students taking the ACT are tested in four areas: English, Math, Reading, and Science Reasoning, with an optional writing portion that was added in 2005. The scores for each subject range from 1 – 36. In addition to individual subject scores, students also receive a composite score, which is the average of all four tests. All the subject tests (with the exception of the writing test, of course) are multiple choice tests. Unlike the SAT, however, there is no penalty for wrong answers, so it is advantageous to guess if one does not know the answer.

English

The English section of the test is 45 minutes in length, and consists of 75 questions on usage, grammar, punctuation, and rhetorical skills.

Mathematics

The mathematics section of the test is 60 questions and 60 minutes in length. Topics covered include pre-algebra, elementary algebra, intermediate algebra, coordinate geometry, geometry, and elementary trigonometry. Calculators are permitted, but only if they are not on a list of prohibited models, or are modified according to the ACT’s calculator policy. The mathematics section is the only section in which there are five answer choices rather than four.

Reading

The reading section of the test is 35 minutes in length, and consists of 40 questions based on reading comprehension. Types of reading passages include prose fiction, social science, humanities, and natural science.

Science Reasoning

The science reasoning section of the test is also a 40-question, 35-minute test. Rather than testing specific scientific knowledge, students are asked to read passages of a more technical or scientific nature, and then answer questions based on these passages. The questions are designed to assess the student’s ability to interpret, analyze, and evaluate the information in the passages, as well as test the student’s ability to reason and solve problems.

Writing (Optional)

The optional writing section of the ACT mirrors that of the SAT. It is 30 minutes long, and students are to write an essay based on a given prompt. Two readers each evaluate the essay and assign it a score of 1 – 6 (6 being best). Essays that are blank, off-topic, not written in English, not written in no. 2 pencil, or illegible automatically receive a score of 0.

Although the ACT is an assessment for students planning to attend college, some states, such as Colorado and Illinois, require all high school students (whether or not they intend to go to college) to take the ACT as a way of assessing school performance.

Based on data from college-bound seniors who took the ACT in 2006, the median composite score was between 20 and 21. Students who scored 28 or better were in the 90th percentile (meaning that students with a score of 28 or more were in the upper 10% of all test-takers).

There is no official conversion chart between SAT scores and ACT scores; however, some colleges have established their own charts, based on scores of students who took both tests. For comparison, the following is a chart used by the University of California:

SAT (out of 1600)……..ACT Composite

1600…………………………..36
1560-1590…………………35
1520-1550…………………34
1480-1510…………………33
1440-1470…………………32
1400-1430…………………31
1360-1390…………………30
1320-1350…………………29
1280-1310…………………28
1240-1270…………………27
1200-1230…………………26
1160-1190…………………25
1120-1150…………………24
1080-1110…………………23
1040-1070…………………22
1000-1030…………………21
960-990…………………….20
920-950…………………….19
880-910…………………….18
840-870…………………….17
800-830…………………….16
760-790…………………….15
720-750…………………….14
680-710…………………….13
640-670…………………….12
600-630…………………….11

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Crossword – Basic Vocabulary 6 (solution)

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Crossword – Basic Vocabulary 6

crossword puzzle

 
Across
2 customer (6)
5 the sound a snake makes (4)
7 a large musical instrument played by pressing some of its 88 black and white keys (5)
8 conjunction used for comparing two things (2)
9 personal pronoun for 2nd person, singular or plural (3)
11 a device used to measure how hot or cold something is (11)
16 shape (4)
18 a set of books that give detailed information about various topics (12)
19 an adverb used when emphasizing the degree or amount of something by saying what the result is (2)
20 to fail to look after someone or something properly (7)
21 an infectious disease that is like a very bad cold (9)
22 frozen water (3)
24 deciding or influencing (11)
27 someone that acts on behalf of somebody else, like a representative (5)
29 a solid substance made of fat or oil, commonly used for making candles (3)
30 next to (8)
33 the space between two straight lines or surfaces that join each other, measured in degrees (5)
34 any thing, event, situation,e etc, when it is not important to specifiy which (8)
36 a statement that is not strong enough to express how good, bad, etc something really is (14)

Down
1 the space above the earth, where the sun, clouds, stars, etc are (3)
2 the ability to behave in a sensible way and make practical decisions (11)
3 the part of an object that is farthest from its center (4)
4 to move or go with someone or something from one place to another (4)
6 a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas (9)
7 to move something to a particular place or position, especially with your hands (3)
10 to combine with oxygen, especially in a way that causes rust (9)
12 reflexive form of “he” (7)
13 the fifth month (3)
14 a message sent by telegraph (8)
15 something that is typical of a particular group or thing (14)
17 not closed (4)
20 what someone or something is called (4)
21 a thought, idea, or suggestion (4)
23 a black and white water bird that lives at the South Pole (7)
25 prepared or available for service, action, or progress (5)
26 a weapon that shoots bullets (3)
28 the number between eleven and thirteen, also called “a dozen” (6)
31 what a bird lays and sits on in her nest to make baby birds (3)
32 a preposition used to say where someone or something goes (2)
33 a word used to show how far back in the past something happened (3)
34 a small insect that lives in large groups (3)
35 to fasten things together using a piece of string or a rope (3)

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Idiom Focus: Animal Idioms 11

Every Saturday I’ll give you a couple of idioms to learn. An idiom is a saying or phrase whose meaning cannot be taken from the literal meanings of the words.

every dog has his day: Everyone will get an opportunity.

Example:

He’s been working for his dad for years, ever since he graduated from college. Someday he’ll take over the family business – every dog has his day, after all.

fraidy cat: Someone who scares easily, usually used by children. Also called a scairdy cat.

Example:

I dare you to ring Boo Radley’s doorbell – just go ahead and do it, you fraidy cat!

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Writing Assignment: The Subway (Solution)

Riding the crowded subway

 
1.    What are these people doing?
They are riding on the subway.

2.    Where might they be going?
They might be going to work or to school.

3.    How crowded is this subway train?
It is rather crowded.  There is standing room only – there are no seats left for someone to sit down.

4.    Are there more people standing, or more people sitting?
There are more people standing than there are sitting.

5.    What do people usually hold on to if they have to ride standing up?
If people have to ride standing up, they usually hold on to a strap, or a pole.

6.    Does a subway train usually have seats or benches?
A subway train usually has benches.

7.    What do people usually do if they are carrying baggage or packages?
If people have baggage or packages, they usually put them on the floor, or on one of the overhead racks.

8.    What do people often do when they ride on a subway train?
People riding on a subway train often read a book or newspaper, or listen to music.  Some people even sleep.

9.    What do you need to get on the subway train?
You need a ticket, token, or fare card to get on the subway train.

10.    Where can you buy a ticket?
You can buy a ticket at the ticket window, or at a ticket vending machine.  You can also get your fare card reloaded at these places too.

11.    What kind of gate do people usually pass through to get into the subway?
You have to pass through the turnstile to get into the subway.  You swipe your ticket or fare card, and the turnstile will let you into the subway.

12.    What do you call the place where you get on and get off the subway train?
You get on and off the subway train at the station.

13.    How can you tell where to get on and get off?
A subway map or guide can tell you where you need to get on and off.

14.    What do you do if you have to take more than one line to get to your destination?
If you have to take more than one line to get to your destination, you need to transfer to the other line.

15.    How can you tell if your stop is next?
You can look at the subway map or guide to see if your stop is next, or you can listen to the announcement.

16.    What kind of subway train has fewer stops than normal?
An express train has fewer stops than normal.

17.    What might you see on the walls of the subway train?
You might see advertisements on the walls of the subway trains.

18.    What kind of doors does a subway train usually have?
A subway train usually has sliding doors.  You have to be careful that your coat or bag doesn’t get caught in the doors as they close.

19.    What sort of safety equipment would you see in a subway?
You see fire extinguishers in a subway.

20.    What else might you see in a subway?
You might see vending machines, newspaper stands, and other little shops in a subway.

Paragraph:  The Subway

If you live in a city, a subway is a very convenient way to get around.  You don’t have to deal with traffic and parking, so you can usually get to your destination quicker than driving.  Many big cities have an extensive subway line, so you can get to almost any place in the city quickly, easily, and economically.

Paying the far is easy.  You can buy a fare card with a set amount, and swipe the card every time you go through the turnstile to ride the subway.  When the card gets low, you can reload the card with money and continue using it.  Some places even have fare cards with different decorations, so you can collect the various designs.

A subway map or guide is a very handy item to have, especially if you are not familiar with the system.  The map will tell you where the different lines will take you, so you can plan out your trip and determine which lines you need to take, which station you need to get on at, which station you need to transfer lines, and which station to get off at.  What I like to do is highlight the stations I need to get off at, so I can keep track of where I’m going and not get lost.

Because the subway is so convenient, many people ride the subway.  Sometimes it is very crowded, especially during the morning rush and the afternoon rush.  If you ride the subway during the rush times, you will probably have to stand.  Sometimes there are so many people standing, it looks like wall-to-wall people!  In some places there are so many people waiting to get on the subway that there are “pushers” to help get as many people on the subway car as possible, although I must admit I have never seen “pushers.”

Sometimes if there are elderly people, pregnant women, or someone traveling with very small children, other people will stand up and offer their seat to one of these others, so they don’t have to stand up.  That is a nice thing to do, don’t you think?

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Writing Assignment: The Subway

Crowded subway ride

 

Vocabulary

track
station
line
transfer
express
stop
ticket
ticket window
card
to reload (a card)
to swipe (a card)
token
turnstile
strap
pole
standing room only
sliding door
overhead rack
bench
seat
map
crowded
advertisements
fire extinguisher
vending machine
announcement
terminus
direction
exit
entrance
read a book / newspaper
listen to music

 

  1. What are these people doing?
  2. Where might they be going?
  3. How crowded is this subway train?
  4. Are there more people standing, or more people sitting?
  5. What do people usually hold on to if they have to ride standing up?
  6. Does a subway train usually have seats or benches?
  7. What do people usually do if they are carrying baggage or packages?
  8. What do people often do when they ride on a subway train?
  9. What do you need to get on the subway train?
  10. Where can you buy a ticket?
  11. What kind of gate do people usually pass through to get into the subway?
  12. What do you call the place where you get on and get off the subway train?
  13. How can you tell where to get on and get off?
  14. What do you do if you have to take more than one line to get to your destination?
  15. How can you tell if your stop is next?
  16. What kind of subway train has fewer stops than normal?
  17. What might you see on the walls of the subway train?
  18. What kind of doors does a subway train usually have?
  19. What sort of safety equipment would you see in a subway?
  20. What else might you see in a subway?

 

Paragraph:  The Subway

Have you ever ridden on a subway or a train?  Do you take one every day to go to work or school?  What kind of people do you usually see on the subway train?  Write a brief paragraph about your experience riding on a subway.

 

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Grammar Basics: Unit 22 – Passive, Part I (Solutions)

Exercises: Complete the sentences by using the passive (either present or past) of the indicated verb.

Example:

The baby (give) a bath yesterday. ==> The baby was given a bath yesterday.

1. We had a snow day last week, so classes were canceled.
2. The librarian charged me a fine because several pages of the book were torn.
3. Can I exchange these jeans for some new ones? The zipper is broken.
4. The kitchen was cleaned during the night by some good fairies.
5. The old factory was burned down by a firebug.
6. There was an accident on the highway, and several people were taken to the hospital.
7. Jack was born on a fishing trawler.
8. Tom was woken up in the middle of the night by the baby’s crying.
9. The old lady was helped across the street by a Boy Scout.
10. That picture was taken on our honeymoon.

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Grammar Basics: Unit 22 – Passive, Part I

Sentences may be either active or passive. When a sentence is active, the doer of the action is specified:

John opened the door. (active – John is the one who opens the door)

 

When a sentence is passive, we are not told who is the doer of the action:

The door was opened. (passive – we don’t know who opened the door)

 

To make a passive sentence, we use an appropriate form of the verb “be” + past participle:

Simple Present passive: am / is / are + past participle
Simple Past passive: was / were + past participle

Examples:

The store was closed.
The bank was robbed last night.
Where were you born?
Ice cream is made from milk.
The toy is broken.

If we want to use a passive sentence and indicate the doer of the action, we can use the phrase “by…”:

The bank was robbed last night by a pair of masked gunmen.
The modern steam engine was invented by James Watt.

Exercises: Complete the sentences by using the passive (either present or past) of the indicated verb.

Example:

The baby (give) a bath yesterday. ==> The baby was given a bath yesterday.

1. We had a snow day last week, so classes (cancel).
2. The librarian charged me a fine because several pages of the book (tear).
3. Can I exchange these jeans for some new ones? The zipper (break).
4. The kitchen (clean) during the night by some good fairies.
5. The old factory (burn) down by a firebug.
6. There was an accident on the highway, and several people (take) to the hospital.
7. Jack (born) on a fishing trawler.
8. Tom (wake) up in the middle of the night by the baby’s crying.
9. The old lady (help) across the street by a Boy Scout.
10. That picture (take) on our honeymoon.

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